The inflationary episode intensified after the border closure in 2019. The disproportionate impact of inflation on vulnerable households and those working in sectors with low savings, such as agriculture, have worsen living standard over time.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has had devastating effects globally, and necessitated changes in the routines and operations of institutions and societies.
Differences in research quality is a key element of the assessment of universities, and most high ranking universities in the world have impressive scores in research quality
About 30 million Africans were pushed into extreme poverty in 2020 as a result of the pandemic and it is estimated that about 39 million Africans could fall into extreme poverty in 2021 (AEO, 2021)
Although the potential of data as a resource, and digital technologies are yet to be fully exploited in the region, some progress is underway.