In its recent CPI and Inflation report, the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) revealed that Nigeria’s inflation rate increased to 29.90 percent in January 2024, a 0.98 percentage points rise from 28.92 percent recorded in December 2023. On a year-on-year basis, this represents an 8.08 percentage points increase from 21.82 percent in January 2023. Food inflation increased to 35.41 percent from 33.93 percent recorded in December 2023 and 24.32 percent in January 2023. The persistent upward trend in Nigeria’s inflation rate emerges from multiple factors including growth in money supply and higher prices in selected food items driven by the country’s epileptic food supply chain, insecurity, rising transportation costs, and low agricultural productivity. 

The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has halted quasi-fiscal measures totalling over 10 trillion naira. The finance was issued by the CBN previously as development finance interventions. The cessation of quasi-fiscal measures by the CBN emerges as a response to empirical findings indicating that these measures to assist Micro,Small, And Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have substantially increased the money supply, consequently contributing to the current inflation rates. Also, the size of the quasi-fiscal functions makes it easy for the CBN to lose sight of its core functions. This is largely because the independence of the CBN is weak and there is strong political pressure to make economic growth its primary function.

The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has revealed, in its data on movement on gross foreign reserves, that the country’s foreign reserves, which were $37.1 billion as of January 3, 2023, fell to $33.1 billion by February 8, 2024.This represents a 10.7 per cent decline ($4 billion) in foreign reserves. Consequently, the number of months of imports equivalent declined from 7.6 months in January 2023 to 6.8 months as of February 8, 2024

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) in its World Economic Outlook Update released in January 2024, estimated that Nigeria grew at 2.8 percent in 2023 and reviewed its 2024 economic growth forecast downward by 0.1 percent from 3.1 percent projected in October 2023 to 3.0 percent in 2024. Persistent macroeconomic weaknesses, high levels of public debt, poor infrastructure, political unpredictability, and external shocks like rising global geopolitical tension are some possible causes of this decreased economic growth

The Oil market report for the fourth quarter of 2023 by the International Energy Agency indicates that the
growth of global oil demand is expected to slow down by 1.2 million barrels per day (mb/d) in 2024 compared to 2.3 mb/d in 2023. The decline in projected oil demand is due to several factors including slow GDP growth in major economies falling below trend, increased energy efficiency and electrification of vehicle fleets. Conversely, the world oil supply was projected to rise by 1.5 mb/d to a new high of 103.5 mb/d, fuelled by record- setting output from non-OPEC countries like the US, Brazil, Guyana, and Canada. OPEC supply is expected to hold steady on previous supply.